最近自己的PC硬盘里丢了个重要文件，应该是我误删除的，所以提醒大家千万别乱删文件，就算删除也要备份一俩月。于是一怒之下写了个shell脚本，专门用于备份重要文件的，主要是通过rsync这个强大的同步工具实现，脚本里也使用了函数创建和调用，具体内容如下，
#!/bin/bash
# this script is made to automatically backup data of host S5
# Author:Attaboy
# history:
# 2016.06.28
# 2016.07.03
# 2016.07.14
# 2017.09.02
# 2017.09.04
# 2017.09.14
# 2017.09.17
# 2017.11.04 anotate bak_node_3 function
# 2017.11.07 allow bak_node_3 function
# 2017.11.11 allow bak_node_4 function
# 2017.11.12 add code to start DELL server
# 2017.11.14 add backup node 6 function
# 2017.11.18 modify backup function 6
# 2017.11.19
# 2017.11.25 add variable end_hour
# 2017.12.30 shutdown virtual machine before running backup task
# 2017.12.30 modify notification and anotate shutdown machine code
# 2018.02.20 add function of absolutely synchronizing in some backup nodes.
# 2018.02.21 modify error code, ban backup_node_1, backup_node_5 and backup_node_6
switch="0"
bak_node3_port="22"
bak_node4_port="22"
mnt_dir="mnt/2T|mnt/1T_0|mnt/3T|dev/sda|mnt/1T_1"
src="/mnt/2T"
bak_node_1="/mnt/1T_0" #local disk
bak_node_2="/mnt/1T_1" #local disk
bak_node_3="[email protected]:/media/pi/Seagate_disk/backup" #Raspberry pi
bak_node_4="[email protected]:/mnt/data/backup" #DELL SERVER
bak_node_5="/mnt/3T" #local disk
bak_node_6="/mnt/4T/backup/2T"
bak_node3_ip="172.17.1.176"
bak_node4_ip="172.17.1.170"
remote_boot_ip="172.17.1.171"
remote_boot_user="pc"
remote_boot_pwd="pc"
bak_log="/var/log/S5-backup.log"
end_hour="07"
pre_do(){
# check the integtity of important paths and remote host alive.
if [ ! ${UID} -eq 500 ] ; then
echo -e '\n...... Current user is not pc, please switch user using "su" .' >>${bak_log} 2>&1
exit -1
elif [ $(df -h 2>/dev/null | grep -Eic ${mnt_dir}) -lt 5 ] ; then
echo -e '\n...... number of PATHs is NOT FOUR ,script WILL HALT with exit code -2.' >>${bak_log} 2>&1
exit -2
elif [ $(ping ${bak_node3_ip} -c 2 | grep -c icmp) -eq 0 ] ; then
echo -e "\n...... Host ${bak_node3_ip} is offline" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
#exit -3
elif [ ${switch} -eq 0 ] ; then
nc -zv ${bak_node4_ip} ${bak_node4_port}
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
echo -e "skip start DELL server ."
else
ipmitool -U ${remote_boot_user} -P ${remote_boot_pwd} -H ${remote_boot_ip} power on >>${bak_log} 2>&1
#ping -c 400 127.1 2>/dev/null 1>&2
fi
elif [ ! -d ${bak_node_1} -o ! -d ${bak_node_5} -o ! -d ${src} ] ; then
echo -e "\n...... folder ${bak_node_1}, ${bak_node_5} or ${src} is not available, script will halt with exit code -4" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
exit -4
#if log file size is up to 100MB,then empty it.
elif [ $(du -sm ${bak_log} | awk '{ print $1 }') -gt 100 ] ; then
>${bak_log}
fi
# shutdown virtual machines
#for l in $(vboxmanage list vms | grep -iE "centos601\+oracle11gr2|c7964-formal|win7-pure-zrhsh" | awk -F'"' '{ print $2 }')
#do
# vboxmanage controlvm ${l} poweroff 2>/dev/null
#done
}
backup_node1(){
#backup from local to local node1(1T_0)
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node1(1T_0) begin,just wait .\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP $src/down ${bak_node_1}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP $src/work ${bak_node_1}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP $src/life ${bak_node_1}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP $src/tools ${bak_node_1}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP $src/backup ${bak_node_1}/backup
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node1(1T_0) end.\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
}
backup_node2(){
#backup from local to local node2(1T_1)
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node2(1T_1) begin,just wait .\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/down ${bak_node_2}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/work ${bak_node_2}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/life ${bak_node_2}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/tools ${bak_node_2}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/backup ${bak_node_2}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node2(1T_1) end.\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
}
#backup local file to Raspberry pi
backup_node3(){
#backup from local to remote node3(raspberrypi)
nc -zv ${bak_node3_ip} ${bak_node3_port}
if [ $? -eq 0 -a ${switch} -eq 0 ] ; then
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... remote backup node3(raspberrypi) begin,just wait .\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/down -e "ssh -p ${bak_node4_port}" ${bak_node_3} >>${bak_log} 2>&1
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... remote backup node3(raspberrypi) end.\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
else
echo -e "\n...... Host ${bak_node3_ip} is offline" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
fi
}
# backup full disk of sumsang SSD and other important folders
backup_node4(){
#backup from local to remote node4(DELL server S7)
nc -zv ${bak_node4_ip} ${bak_node4_port}
if [ $? -eq 0 -a ${switch} -eq 0 ] ; then
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... remote backup node4(DELL server S7) begin,just wait .\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP $src/down/CV -e "ssh -p ${bak_node4_port}" ${bak_node_4} >>${bak_log} 2>&1
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... remote backup node4(DELL server S7) end.\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
else
echo -e "\n...... Host ${bak_node4_ip} is offline" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
fi
}
backup_node5(){
#backup from local to local node5(3T), full syncronous
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node2(3T) begin,just wait .\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/down ${bak_node_5}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/work ${bak_node_5}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/life ${bak_node_5}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/tools ${bak_node_5}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync -azvP --delete $src/backup ${bak_node_5}/backup >>${bak_log} 2>&1
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node5(3T) end.\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
}
backup_node6(){
#backup from local to local node6(4T/backup/2T)
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node6 begin,just wait .\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
rsync --delete -azvP ${src} ${bak_node_6}
echo -e "\nTime:$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)...... local backup node6 end.\n" >>${bak_log} 2>&1
}
#define what is done when backup is over
post_do(){
#DELL server will not shutdown when it is dayTime .
if [ $(date '+ %k') -le ${end_hour} ] ; then
#umount -l $bak_dev && mount -o ro $bak_dev $bak_node_1
ipmitool -U ${remote_boot_user} -P ${remote_boot_pwd} -H ${remote_boot_ip} power off
ping -c 2 127.1 1>/dev/null 2>&1
ipmitool -U ${remote_boot_user} -P ${remote_boot_pwd} -H ${remote_boot_ip} power off
#umount -l $bak_dev && mount $bak_dev $bak_node_1
fi
}
pre_do
#backup_node1
#backup_node2
backup_node3 #Raspberry pi
backup_node4 #DELL server S7
backup_node5
#backup_node6
post_do
exit 0
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解释：
1 单独写一个函数pre_do用作数据备份前的各项检查，以便主备份函数的正常运行；
2 函数backup_node1和backup_node2是备份到本地两个磁盘的备份目录；
3 backup_node3和backup_node4分别用作备份数据到局域网内的树莓派板子挂载的移动硬盘和DELL服务器；
4 Dell服务器可以通过PC远程启动和关闭，函数post_do可以用来备份数据完成后的后置设置，包括关闭Dell服务器电源。
其实吧，shell老手会发现，代码过于冗余，因为几个backup_node实在太像了，所以可以考虑封装一个公共的backup函数，利用位置参数进行传递，
完成备份主过程。 见文章实例 https://peloo.net/?p=1339
